Hierarchical TiO2/ZnO Nanostructure as Novel Non-precious Electrocatalyst for Ethanol Electrooxidation

Metal oxides have a higher chemical stability in comparison to metals,so they can be utilized as electrocatalysts if the activity could be enhanced.Besides the composition,the morphology of the nanostructures has a considerable impact on the electrocatalytic activity.In this work,zinc oxide nano branches-attached titanium dioxide nanofibers were investigated as an economic and stable catalyst for ethanol electrooxidation in the alkaline media.The introduced material has been synthesized by electrospinning process followed by hydrothermal technique.Briefly,electrospinning of colloidal solution consisting of titanium isopropoxide,poly(vinyl acetate) and zinc nanoparticles was performed to produce nanofibers embedding solid nanoparticles.In order to produce TiO_2 nanofibers containing ZnO nanoparticles,the obtained electrospun nanofiber mats were calcined in air at 600 °C.The formed ZnO nanoparticles were exploited as seeds to outgrow ZnO branches around the TiO_2 nanofibers using the hydrothermal technique at sub-critical water conditions in the presence of zinc nitrate and bis-hexamethylene triamine.The morphology of the final product,as well as the electrochemical measurements indicated that zinc nanoparticles content in the original electrospun nanofibers has a significant influence on the electrocatalytic activity as the best performance was observed with the nanofibers synthesized from electrospun solution containing 0.1 g Zn,and the corresponding current density was 37 mA/cm~2.Overall,this study paves a way to titanium dioxide to be exploited to synthesize effective and stable metal oxide-based electrocatalysts.     

Exploring the deep biosphere

Over the past two decades, scientific drilling into sediments and rocks in the ocean and the continent has revealed the presence of physiologically and phylogenetically complex microbial life in the deep subsurface. Microorganisms, most of which have no cultured or known relatives in the surface biosphere, have been discovered in sediments and rock at depth as deep as 1 km below the seafloor and more than 3 km deep in the continent. The deep biosphere probably represents the most voluminous part of the glob...     

Evolution of kaolinite subgroup minerals and mixed-layer illite/smectite in the Paleogene Damintun Depression in Liaohe Basin of China and its implication for paleotemperature

The oil-rich Damintun Depression is located in the Liaohe Basin, Northeast China, and was formed during the Paleogene. The major oil-producing strata in the depression are mudstone and shale. To explore the burial diagenetic history of the basin and the formation thresholds of hydrocarbons, the characters of the kaolinite subgroup minerals and mixed-layer illite/smectite in the mudstone and the shale are studied by using X-ray diffraction, electron probe, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier infrared s...     

高应变速率对690合金热变形及可挤性的影响

利用Gleelbe热模拟实验以及有限元分析了高应变速率对690合金热变形行为以及挤压可行性的影响,并根据实验和有限元结果进行挤压。结果表明：690合金的流变应力对应变速率均较敏感;大于10 s_-1 的高应变速率下,变形温升显著上升;再结晶晶粒尺寸在低应变速率下,随应变速率的升高而降低,高应变速率则随应变速率的增加而增大;挤压时,最大挤压力随着应变速率的上升先降低再升高;根据实验以及有限元计算结果,成功挤出了合格的690管材。     

热挤压工艺对690合金组织的影响及控制

利用Gleeble热压缩实验,构建了690合金的挤压工艺的再结晶图,探讨了完全动态再结晶的临界挤压工艺,将合金的热变形组织演变模型带入deform-2D有限元软件,并针对挤压中合金的组织演变过程对有限元软件进行了二次开发,进而模拟计算了挤压比、坯料温度以及挤压速率对690合金挤压管组织的影响规律,依据挤压机设备能力以及组织要求提出了挤压工艺的控制方法,并进一步根据有限元计算结果进行实际挤压验证。结果表明：挤压管的晶粒尺寸随着挤压比的增大呈现出先降低后增加的趋势;690合金挤压管的晶粒尺寸随坯料温度和挤压速度的降低而减小;当坯料温度在1200℃,挤压比为15.3,挤压速率200 mm/s时,挤压管的晶粒尺寸可以控制在62.7 μm以下;模拟计算结果与挤压管的相对误差仅为4.5%。     

Matched Filter Based Spectrum Sensing When Primary User Has Multiple Power Levels

In this paper,we investigate the matched filter based spectrum sensing in a more reasonable cognitive radio(CR) scenario when the primary user(PU) has more than one transmit power levels,as regulated in most standards,i.e.,IEEE 802.11 Series,GSM,LTE,LTE-A,etc.This new multiple primary transmit power(MPTP) scenario is specialized by two different targets:detecting the presence of PU and identifying the power level.Compared to the traditional binary sensing where only the presence of PU is checked,SU may attain more information about the primary network(making CR more "intelligent") and design the subsequent optimization strategy.The key technology is the multiple hypothesis testing as opposed to the traditional binary hypothesis testing.We discuss two situations under whether the channel phase is known or not,and we derive the closed form solutions for decision regions and several performance metrics,from which some interesting phenomenons are observed and the related discussions are presented.Numerical examples are provided to corroborate the proposed studies.     

Old-age Care Modes and Facility Planning Based on the Concept of “Continuum of Care”

Through the comparative analysis on the theories and practical experience of the development of old-age care (OAC) in both China and other countries,and based on the interview and questionnaire survey in Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou City,this paper proposes the research and analysis framework for the old-age service system,i.e.,"OAC mode-OAC service system-OAC facility system." The paper argues that,oriented by OAC mode of "taking community-and home-based care as the main body and institution-based care as supplement," China should build an OAC facility system and planning thoughts that take "continuum of care" as concept and long-term care system as core.Taking Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou City as examples,the paper conducts the optimization research on current OAC facilities planning in terms of hierarchical system,scale,and differentiation,so as to formulate more systematic and operable planning standards for OAC facilities.     

冷加工和时效处理顺序对6061铝合金力学性能的影响(英文)

研究不同的析出硬化和冷加工组合对6061铝合金拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,在不同的热处理过程中,在180℃单时效4h能提高合金的强度和伸长率。然而,双时效处理不能改善其力学性能。另外,预时效对随后的析出硬化有负面影响。合金力学性能的变化归因于析出硬化、应变硬化和加工软化的竞争而引起的显微组织演变。     

控制注入/压降试井测试时间因素分析

为了减少注入/压降试井对整个煤层气井施工进度的影响,基于对煤层气注入/压降试井测试理论及实际操作的研究,提出控制试井测试时间长短的几个因素,应用实例说明其解决方案,结果表明在煤层气井况、设备等基本固定的情况下,对于中高渗煤层,通过提高地面注入压力增大注入量是缩短试井测试时间的重要手段。     

Accommodation of China’s Industrial Heritage in Urban Conservation Practices (Ⅱ)

In recent years, the conservation of industrial heritage in China has gained increasing attention within the broader context of urban conservation practices. For both policy-makers and scholars, accommodating this industrial heritage will emerge as a pertinent issue for consideration as a growing number of industrial architectural legacies dating from the Republican and Maoist eras come under (re)development pressures. This paper thus traces the development of industrial heritage conservation practices in China and discusses several dilemmas intrinsic to this type of conservation, including issues of authenticity, representativeness, and distinction. Based on comparative case studies from China and other international precedents, this paper also seeks to illustrate the different approaches that could be pursued while still attaining a balance between competing interests and claims.